Louisiana Locked Up:

A Problem in Every Parish

Louisiana’s 64 parishes range from bustling cities to vast rural stretches, from the parks and preserves of the north to the swamps and marshes of the gulf. Yet, they all share one defining characteristic: a stake in the state’s vast network of jails, prisons, and juvenile detention facilities.

The prevalence of incarceration in Louisiana is hard to see in many places due to an alarming lack of transparency and data, as well as a convoluted carceral landscape where local jails also function as prisons. But parish- and state-level research by the Vera Institute of Justice brings much-needed clarity to this picture. Vera’s datahub provides illuminating access to parish-level data on arrests, pretrial detention, incarceration, and local spending on the criminal legal system. Together, these data points create a detailed—and highly damning—picture of mass incarceration in Louisiana.

It is a system of clear winners and losers, financially benefiting those with a stake in the system, including the state, local sheriffs, and private corporations. The Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections pays local jails $177 million annually to hold more than half the people who have been sentenced to prison.

But the people of Louisiana are losing. If incarceration created safety, Louisiana would be among the safest places in the world. Instead, making Louisiana a safer place requires scaling back its vast incarceration system and reallocating funds to the things that actually make communities safe: jobs, housing, healthcare, good schools, and infrastructure.

Conversations around Louisiana’s high incarceration rates tend to center on dense population centers. But a closer look at the data collected by Vera tells a different story: incarceration has expanded across the state, especially in rural parishes.

The parish and state-level data collected by Vera for this project reveals how both the state and local governments can scale back the destructive influence of mass incarceration. Local and state-level government bodies in Louisiana should do the following:

  • End Louisiana’s practice of housing distinct groups of people with vastly different needs in the same multi-use facilities; for example, housing juveniles at Louisiana State Penitentiary (Angola) and housing people with prison sentences in pretrial detention facilities, like parish jails. The state should use sentencing reform, applied retroactively, to reduce the number of incarcerated people to fit current Department of Public Safety & Corrections capacity.
  • Pass a data transparency bill that standardizes the data a carceral facility must collect and report.
  • Reduce the prison population by providing parole eligibility after 20 years to people serving long sentences and after 25 years to those serving life sentences; making parole-eligibility and sentencing reforms available retroactively; and implementing a felony classification system to eliminate inconsistencies in sentencing and release.
  • Pass legislation that allows people charged with non-violent felonies and misdemeanors to be issued a summons in lieu of arrest, and enact comprehensive bail reform so that money does not determine freedom.
  • Advance civilian responses to 911 calls that don’t require law enforcement. Removing the police from encounters that don’t require them—like mental health crises, low-level traffic violations, and noise complaints—is proven to improve safety, while also reducing arrests (and thus jail admissions).
  • Enact meaningful reforms that will allow for jail decarceration, and then close jails and repurpose carceral facilities for non-jail, non-detention purposes. Reducing corrections spending and ending mass incarceration in Louisiana will require lowering jail capacity. This means working towards permanently closing jails.

About the Data

Vera collected data for Louisiana’s prisons, jails, and juvenile justice facilities using information published on state and local government websites and the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics 2019 Census of Jails. Vera collected pretrial population data from reports prepared by the Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections (DPS&C). Vera collected prison admission data from the DPS&C Briefing Book. Vera collected arrest data from the FBI Uniform Crime Report accessed via Vera’s Arrest Trends tool. Vera collected budget data from the U.S. Census Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll.

More

Acknowledgments

Vera would like to thank Families and Friends of Louisiana’s Incarcerated Children, the Pixley Hill Foundation, Power Coalition for Equity and Justice, and Voice of the Experienced for sharing their advice, guidance, and time throughout the process of creating this tool.

Vera would like to thank the following colleagues for their support in providing research and invaluable advice: Connor Burruss, Sarah Omojola, Josh Pichon, Kimberly Dickerson, Jacob Kang-Brown, Nina Siulc, and Karen Ball.

Vera would like to thank the Ford Foundation, the Foundation for Louisiana, and the Huey and Angelina Wilson Foundation for their generous financial contributions that helped make this project possible.

Credits

  • Design and development: Jill Hubley and Hao Lun Hung
  • Data analysis: Selina Ho, Sara Lanclos, and Christian Henrichson
  • Writing: Sam Raim, Will Snowden, Kim Mosby, PhD, and Christian Henrichson
  • Editing: Léon Digard